Puna Ground-tyrant Muscisaxicola juninensis
Chilean name: Dormilona de la Puna
Puna Ground-tyrant, Lauca N.P., Chile, February 2007 - click for larger image Chile and Peru

The Puna Ground-tyrant is distributed in central and southern Peru, northern Chile, south-west Bolivia and north-west Argentina. See the distribution map at Birdlife International. It is found between 4,000 and 5,000 metres on wet bogs (bofedales) which have the type of vegetation seen in photo 3.

Puna Ground-tyrant, Lauca N.P., Chile, February 2007 - click for larger image It has a diffuse rufous crown which can be difficult to see and is much less well-marked than on Rufous-naped Ground-tyrant M. rufivertex. It also has a brownish hue to the back with less contrast between back and wings than is found on Rufous-naped. The other possible confusion species in the Lauca area where photos 1 to 3 were taken is White-fronted Ground-tyrant M. albifrons which is much larger and has much longer wings reaching the tip of the tail when at rest.
Puna Ground-tyrant, Lauca N.P., Chile, February 2007 - click for larger image Photos 4 and 5 were taken near Cajamarca, Peru and so are further north than the normally accepted distribution. A possible confusion species is White-browed Ground-tyrant M. albilora which is an austral migrant to this area and would be flying south at about this time in October. From one angle it seems to have a supercilium but from the other angle none. It also seems to have a better marked rufous patch than one would expect on Puna Ground-tyrant.
Puna Ground-tyrant, Cumbe Mayo, Cajamarca, Peru, October 2018 - click for larger image
Puna Ground-tyrant, Cumbe Mayo, Cajamarca, Peru, October 2018 - click for larger image
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