Chestnut-capped Blackbird (Chrysomus ruficapillus)
(aka Agelaius ruficapillus)
Brazilian name: Garibaldi
Male  Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Goiás, Brazil, February 2002 - click for larger image Brazil

The Chestnut-capped Blackbird is found in eastern South America from French Guiana to northern Argentina and as far west as Mato Grosso and eastern Bolivia.

It breeds in lowland marshes and reed beds and is often found near rice fields.

Male  Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Aguas de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil, August 2004 - click for larger image The male is unlikely to be confused with other blackbirds with its chestnut cap and throat although these can be difficult to see in poor light. The first photo is of the northern subspecies A. r. frontalis which has brighter chestnut markings than the more southerly nominate subspecies especially on the crown. All other photos are of the nominate sub-species.
Male  and female Chestnut-capped Blackbirds, Aguas de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil, August 2004 - click for larger image The female, seen in the 4th photo, is a dull olive brown and could be confused with a female Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis except for its yellowish throat.

Photos 5 and 6 show an immature male where the male plumage is just beginning to show.

Female  Chestnut-capped Blackbirds, Aguas de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil, August 2004 - click for larger image There are illustrations in Ridgely & Tudor, Volume 1, Plate 21; and Jaramillo & Burke, Plate 20.

There are recordings and a distribution map on xeno-canto .

Immature  male Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Aguas de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil, August 2004 - click for larger image
Immature  male Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Aguas de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil, August 2004 - click for larger image
Male  Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Biritiba-Mirim, São Paulo, Brazil, October 2005 - click for larger image
Male  Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Aguas de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil, December 2006 - click for larger image
Male  Chestnut-capped Blackbird, REGUA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 2006 - click for larger image
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