Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis)
Red-capped Cardinal, Cristalino, Mato Grosso, Brazil, Sept 2000 - click for larger image Brazil

The Red-capped Cardinal forms a superspecies with the geographically separated Yellow-billed Cardinal, P. capitata of the Pantanal, Paraguay and northern Argentina and the Crimson-fronted Cardinal, P. baeri, of Central Brazil.
Red-capped Cardinal, Carajás, Brazil, October 2005 - click for larger image The distinguishing features of the Red-capped Cardinal are the black bib below the red cap, the generally black bill with a pale base of the mandible, a partial white collar and a black smudge around the eye.

There are illustrations of P.g. gularis of the Amazon Basin in Ridgely & Tudor, Volume 1, Plate 25; and of P.g. nigrogenis of the Orinoco Basin in Hilty & Brown, Plate 55.
Red-capped Cardinal, Carajás, Brazil, October 2005 - click for larger image
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